-- Critical Media Literacy
in Times of War


-- Introduction to the Site
-- Modules
-- Afghanistan
-- Introduction

-- Background
-- Media Coverage
-- How Many Protested?
-- Crowd Size Sept. '01
-- Crowd Size April '02
-- Was Reporting Fair?
-- Comparing Reports
-- Comparing Reports, con't
-- Why Underreporting?

-- Tones and Headlines, Sept. '01 protests
-- Tones and Headlines, April '02 protests
-- Comparing Positions
-- Civilian Casualties
-- How Many Civilians Died?
-- Tones and Headlines
-- U.S. Raid, Oct 11, 2001
(you are here)
-- U.S. Raid, Oct 11, 2001 con't
-- U.S. Raid, Oct 11, 2001, part 3
-- Was the Media Told?
-- Networks Follow Orders!

CIVILIAN CASUALTIES

Tone and Headlines

U.S. Aircraft Bombing Raid, Karam, Afghanistan, October 11, 2001

Different word choice and content within headlines and in article content can create different impressions about an issue and reveal the positions of the authors or the media source. Headlines are particularly important because often that is all a reader may see.

Pay attention to the word choice of the highlighted sections and the content and consider whether these suggest an editorial position sympathetic or contrary to the position of the protesters or that depict the protest as either significant or insignificant.

The Washington Post"Taliban Claims Large Civilian Casualties; Afghan Rulers Increase Efforts to Win Support from Islamic World" Edward Cody (Washington Post Foreign Service), October 12, 2001, Page A23

This phrasing questions the Taliban motive for reporting 'large civilian casualties,' and lowers the legitimacy of Taliban casualty count by implying other motives

The Washington Post"Seeking solidarity in the Islamic world and beyond, Afghanistan's beleaguered Taliban rules said today that large numbers of civilians were killed overnight in the heaviest U.S. air raids to date against cities and towns across their battered country."

This headline provides an extremely vague count.

The Washington Post"... the Taliban seemed to be intensifying efforts to reach out fro support in fellow Muslim countries, where news of heavy civilian casualties is likely to fan opposition to the U.S. attacks."

This phrase directly expresses U.S. concern that public response to casualties will hinder Bush's war.

The New York Times"A Nation Challenged: Death on the Ground; U.S. Raid Kills Unknown Number in an Afghan Village," Barry Bearak, October 13, 2002, Page B1

This headline gives the reader an extremely vague impression and implies that no sources cited in the story are reliable.

The New York Times"Villages told [the New York Times Reporter] that 53 people had died, though only 22 bodies had yet been pulled from the wreckage. They said the radical Islamic Taliban governmentseemed inclined to inflate the toll.

These headlines lower the legitimacy of villagers' report that 53 people were killed and accuse the Taliban of lying, and disguises deaths by use of the word "toll."

<Previous: How Many Civilians Died?>
<Next: Tones and Headlines, U.S. Raid, Oct 11, 2001, con't>
© 2002 Department of Teaching and Learning
Virginia Tech, All Rights Reserved.
Women's Studies and Science and Technology Studies
Blacksburg, VA 24061
Credits

Last updated. July 6, 2003